ALLOCHTHONOUS INSECTS IN SERBIA: DATA PUBLISHED DURING THE 21ST CENTURY
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Abstract
The increasing globalization of trade and human movement has significantly contributed to the unintentional introduction of alien insect species worldwide, including Serbia. This review summarizes data on alien insects recorded in Serbia between 2000 and 2025, based on published literature and open-access databases. A total of 120 alien species were identified, of which 79 (66%) are considered invasive. Most belong to the order Hemiptera, especially the family Aphididae (24 species). Other significant records include Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and several other insect orders. In several cases, specimens collected before 2000 were reported only later, due to previous misidentification or lack of diagnostic tools such as COI barcoding. Climate change and increased planting of ornamental host plants have contributed to the northward spread of Mediterranean species, such as Tuponia hippophaes and Orsillus depressus. Intentional introductions for biocontrol purposes (e.g., Perillus bioculatus, Ophraella communa) have also been documented. The discoveries of nine alien species between 2023 and 2024 indicate a continuing trend of introductions. Most species originate from Asia and North America, reflecting global trade patterns. This study underscores the need to enhance monitoring systems, strengthen taxonomic expertise, and implement comprehensive risk assessments as essential steps in effectively addressing the increasing introduction and spread of alien insect species in Serbia.
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