LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF THE SEED OILS OF TWO INDIGENOUS PLANTS FROM THE ALGERIAN SAHARA ON THE DESERT LOCUST
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The lethal and sublethal effects of the seed oils of two indigenous plants of the Algerian Sahara, Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), were investigated. Administration of 60 μl of oil by forced oral injection using a micropipette to the L5 larvae of Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) revealed the deterrent effect of these oils on treated larvae. The treatment resulted in various toxicological symptoms, such as intense defecation, diarrhea, weight loss, reduction in motor activity, delay and difficulty in molting and, in the most extreme cases, the death of treated individuals. During the treatment of L5 larvae of S. gregaria with P. harmala seed oil, various toxicological symptoms appeared: 81.81% of individuals presented with diarrhea; 68.18% of individuals lost weight; 72.72% exhibited reduced motor activity, and 100% of surviving individuals experienced a delay in their molt. On the other hand, in L5 larvae treated with D. stramonium seed oil, 77.27% of individuals had diarrhea, 100% showed weight loss and 100% of individuals reduced their motor activity. D. stramonium seed oil has been shown to be more toxic than P. harmala seed oil. The oral administration of 60 μl of D. stramonium seed oil caused the blocking of the phenomenon of exuviation in 100% of the treated L5 larvae, resulting in death after 16 days. While P. harmala seed oils caused 50% mortality after 12 days, the 50% surviving individuals were able to complete their imaginal molt with difficulties, which resulted in malformations. The estimated lethal time 50 (LT50) in larvae (L5) treated with D. stramonium seed oil was 3.67 days. It was more toxic than the LT50 obtained in larvae (L5) treated with the oil of P. harmala seeds, which was 12 days.
The food intake in L5 larvae of S. gregaria treated with D. stramonium seed oil was 0.28 ± 0.18 g/day, it was lower than the average daily consumption recorded in the L5 larvae treated with P. harmala seed oil, which was 0.67 ± 0.36 g/day, D. stramonium seed oil appears to be more toxic, and profoundly affects food intake. The values of the apparent digestive utilization coefficient (DUC a) reported for L5 larvae treated with seed oil of P. harmala and D. stramonium were 39.32 ± 13.07% and 34.23 ± 29,07%, respectively. These values were significantly lower compared to the control group value, which was 70.63 ± 19.56%. Likewise, the digestive conversion coefficients (CCD) recorded in the L5 of S. gregaria treated with the seed oils of P. harmala and D. stramonium were -75.07 ± 54.45% and -3.08 ± 1.18, respectively. However, in the control group of L5 larvae, the noted CCD was 1.004 ± 0.073. Values of the consumption index (CI) reported for L5 larvae treated with the seed oils of P. harmala and D. stramonium were low, 6.74 ± 4.45 and 3.82 ± 2.45, respectively, while for the L5 larvae of the control group, it was 15.74 ± 3.51.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © 2019 The ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SERBIA Staff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
References
Abbassi, K., Mergaoui, L., Atay- Kadiri, Z., Stamboli, A., & Ghaout, S. (2003). Activités biologiques de l’extrait des graines de Peganum harmala sur le criquet pèlerin (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal, 1775). Journal of orthoptera research, 12(2), 71-79. [In French].
Aissaoui, H. (2014). Activité biologique des extraits de Peganum harmala, Nerium oleander et d’un insecticide sur le criquet pèlerin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal, 1775) (Orthoptera- Acrididae). Thèse Magister. Zoologie agricole et forestière. Institut national. Agronomique (INA), El Harache, Algérie, 110pp. [In French].
Alaoui, A. (1994). Mode d’action d’un insecticide de synthèse la deltamithrine, sur le métabolisme glucidique et hydrominéral, chez le criquet migrateur mâle adulte. Thèse de Doctorat es-sciences. Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Maroc, 152 pp. [In French].
Baran, J. M. (2000). Datura plantes magiques, Halluc, inogenes et medcinales. l’ile L’ile de la réunion et dans le monde. Thèse docteur en médecines. Université HENRIPOIN Nancy, France, 254 pp. [In French].
Bellakhder, J. (1997). La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. Ed le Fennec, Casablanca Rabat, Ibis, Presse, Maroc, 1370 pp. [In French].
Boccard, R. (1963). Etude de la production de la viande chez les ovins. Annales de zootechnie, 12(3), 227-230. [In French].
Bouziane, N., Kemassi, A., & Oud El Hadj, M. D. (2018). Étude de la toxicité des extraits foliaires de Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) sur Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera-Acrididea). Ciencia e tecnica jornal, 33(8), 2-19. [In French].
Brader, L. H., Djibo, H., Faye, F. G., Ghaout, S., Lazar, M., Luzietoso, P. N., & Ould-Babah, M. A. (2006). Evaluation multilatérale de la compagne 2003- 2005 contre le Criquet pèlerin. Ed. FAOUN, Rome, 101pp. [In French].
Bruneton, J. (1993). Pharmacognosie, phytochimie: Plantes médicinales (2e édition). Ed. Lavoisier, Paris, 915 pp.
Cherif, R., Kemassi, A., Boual, Z., Bouziane, N., Benbrahim, F., Hadjseyd, A., Gharib, T., Ould El Hadj-Khelil, A., Sakeur, M. L., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2016). Activités biologiques des extraits aqueux de Pergularia tomentosa (Asclepiadaceae). Lebanese science journal, 17(1), 25-35. [In French].
Duranton, J. F., & Lecoq, M. (1990). Le criquet pèlerin au Sahel. Collection Acridologie Opérationnelle N°6. Ed., CIRAD/PRIFAS, Montpellier, 178 pp. [In French].
El- Bahri, L., & Chemli, R. (1991). Peganum harmala L. a poisonous plant of North Africa. Veterinary and human toxicology, 33(3), 276-277.
Funtes, J. A., & Longo, V. G. (1970). An investigation on the system nervous central effects of harmine, Harmaline, and related B-carbolines, Neuropharmacologigy, 10, 15-23.
Goulle, J. P., Pepin, G., Lacroix, C. (2004). Botanique, chimie et toxicologie des Solanacées hallucinogènes: Belladone, Datura, Jusquiame, Mandragore. Annales de toxicologie analytique, 16(1), 22-35. [In French].
Gry, J., Coquard, J., & Coquard, G. (1966). Appéciation en laboratoire de l’activité des insecticides à l’égard du criquet migrateur. L’agronomie tropicale, Série 3, Agronomie Générale. Etudes Scientifiques, 21(7), 837-855. [In French].
Idrissi-Hassani, L., M., & Hermas, J. (2008). Effet de l’alimentation en Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) sur le tube digestif du Criquet pèlerin Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Zoologica baetica, 19, 71-84. [In French].
Idrissi-Hassani, L., M., Ouled Ahmedou, M. L., Maya, E. H., and Bouichi, A. (2002). Pouvoir insecticide de Peganum harmala sur Schistocerca gregaria. Effets de l’huile et des extraits de feuilles. Biologie et santé. 2(2), 122-133. [In French].
Kemassi, A. (2014). Toxicité comparée des extraits d’Euphorbia guyoniana (Stapf.) (Euphorbiaceae), Cleome arabica L. (Capparidaceae) et de Capparis spinosa L. (Capparidaceae) récoltés de la région de Ghardaïa (Sahara septentrional) sur les larves du cinquième stade et les adultes de Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera-Cyrtacanthacridinae). Thèse de doctorat en Écologie Saharienne et Environnement. Université de Kasdi Merbah-Ouargla, Algérie, 264 pp. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Boual, Z., Bouziane, N., Ould El Hadj-Khelil, A., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2013). Biological activity of essential oils leaves from one Sahara plant: Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) on the desert locust. International Journal of current microbiology and applied sciences, 2(8), 389-395.
Kemassi, A., Boual, Z., Hadjseyd, A., Bouziane, N., Herouini, A., Mensouri, K., Bouras, N., Ould El Hadj-Kelil, A., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2018). Effets bitoxiques des extraits de Cleome arabica L. (Cappardicaceae) sur le criquet pèlerin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Algerian journal of arid environment, 8(2), 79-98. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Boual, Z., Lebbouz, I., Daddi Bouhoun, M., Saker, M. L., Ould El Hadj-Khelil, A., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2012b). Étude de l’activité biologique des extraits foliaires de Cleome arabica (Capparidaceae). Lebanese science journal, 13(2), 81-97. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Boual, Z., Ould El Hadj-Khelil, A., Dadi Bouhoun, M., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2010). Activité biologique de l’extrait d’Euphorbia guyoniana (Boiss. & Reut.) (Euphorbiaceae) chez le Criquet pèlerin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera-Acrididae). Annales de sciences et technologie, 2(1), 60-71. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Boukhari, K., Cherif, R., Ghada, K., Bendaken, N., Bouziane, N., Boual, Z., Bouras, N., Ould Elhadj-Khelil, A., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2015). Evaluation de l’effet larvicide de l’extrait aqueux d’Euphorbia guyoniana (Boiss. & Reut.) (Euphorbiaceae). Revue El-Wahat pour les recherches et les etudes, 8(1), 44–61. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Bouziane, N., Boual, Z., & Ould El Hadj M. D. (2014). Activité biologique des huiles essentielles de Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) et de Cleome arabica L. (Capparidaceae) sur Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775). Journal de phytothérapie de la recherche à la pratique, 12, 348–353. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Herouini, A., Hadj, S. A., Cherif, R., & Ould El Hadj, M. D. (2019). Effet insecticide des extraits aqueux d’Euphorbia guyoniana (Euphorbiaceae) récoltée dans Oued Sebseb (Sahara Algerien) sur le Tribolium castaneum. Lebanese science journal, 20(1), 55-70. [In French].
Kemassi, A., Ould El Hadj-Khelil, A., Boual, Z., Hamid- Oudjana, A., & Ould El Hadj, M., D. (2012a). Activités biologiques des huiles essentielles brutes foliaires de Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) sur les larves du cinquième stade et sur les adultes de Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera- Cyrtacanthacridinae). PhytoChem & BioSub Journal, 6(2), 71-77. [In French].
Lazar, P. (1968). Les essais biologiques. Revue de statistique appliquée, 16(3), 5-35. [In French].
Lecoq, M. (2004). Vers une solution durable au problème du Criquet pèlerin. Sécheresse, 15(3), 217-224. [In French].
Lecoq, M. (2005). Enseignement de la récente invasion du Criquet pèlerin en Afrique. Ed. CIRAD, Montpellier, 170 pp. [In French].
Lecoq, M. (2014). Les criquets: une menace pour l'agriculture, une plaie toujours d'actualité. Note de recherche. Ed. CIRAD. Montpelier, 97 pp. [In French].
Legal, P. (1989). Le choix des plantes nourricières et la spécialisation trophique chez les Acridoidea (Orthoptéres). Bulletin d'écologie, 20(3), 245-261. [In French].
Nicole, M. C. (2002). Les relations des insectes phytophages avec leurs plantes hôtes. Antennae, 9(1), 1-7. [In French].
Ould El Hadj, M. D., Tankari-Danbadjo, A., Halouane, F., & Doumandji, S. (2006). Toxicité comparée des extraits de trois plantes acridifuges sur les larves du cinquième stade et sur les adultes de Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera-Cyrtacanthacridinae). Sécheresse, 17(3), 407-414. [In French].
Ozenda, P. (1991). Flore et végétation du Sahara. Ed. CNRS, (3éme édition augmentée), Paris, P 662 pp. [In French].
Proux, J. (1991). La régulation hormonale du métabolisme hydrique chez les criquets grégarisables. Ed. AUPELF-UREF, John Libbcy Eurotext, Paris, 129-134. [In French].
Proux, J., Alaoui, A., Moreteau, B., & Baskali, A. (1993). Deltamithrine induced deregulation of the water balance in the migratory locust. Comparative. Biochemistry and physiology, 106(C), 351-357.
Ramade, F. (2007). Introduction à l'écotoxicologie: Fondements et applications. Ed. Lavoisier Tec & Doc. 618 pp. [In French].
Reynaud-Maurupt, C. (2006). Usages contemporains de plantes et champignons Hallucinogènes. Une enquête qualitative exploratoire conduite en France. Ed. Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT), 106 pp. [In French].
Roffey, J. (1982). The desert locust upsurge and its termination 1977 – 79 In: Field Research stations. Technical series. FAO Report no AGP/DL/TS/23.111– 1V, 1-74.
Symmons, P. M., & Cressman K. (2001). Desert locust guidelines 1: Biology and behaviour. Rome, FAOUN (2e éditione), 43 pp.
Walbauer, G. P. (1968). The utilization and consumption of food by insects. Journal of insect physiology, 5, 229-288.