DESCRIPTION OF SURFACE STRUCTURE OF EGGS AND FIRST INSTAR LARVAE OF AGAPANTHIA OSMANLIS REICHE & SULCY (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE): BASED ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
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Nov 28, 2023
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Abstract
Morphology of eggs and first instar larvae of Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche & Saulcy, 1858 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are described for the first time, with illustrations of the structural features obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A. osmanlis feeds only on hosts in the Dipsacaceae family and collected on Cephalaria procera Fish & Lall. (Dipsacaceae) from Bayburt (Kop Mountain Pass, Turkey). The female lays single eggs inside the stalks of C. procera, where the larva feeds internally. The egg is cylindrical, white, dorsally wide, narrower toward the front and back, and rounded anteriorly and posteriorly. The egg is 3.10-3.80 (3.35) mm long and 0.45-0.85 (0.58) mm wide. Under the dissection microscope, the chorion appears to be smooth, but in scanning electron microscope (SEM) magnifications, the chorion is covered with chorionic spines except for the anterior micropylar region. Each egg possesses a knob-like micropylar process at one end. Newly emerged larvae of A. osmanlis are cylindrical, C-shaped after leaving their galleries, whitish-grey, and legless.
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Candan, S., Tozlu, G., Suludere, Z., & Çağlar, Üzeyir. (2023). DESCRIPTION OF SURFACE STRUCTURE OF EGGS AND FIRST INSTAR LARVAE OF AGAPANTHIA OSMANLIS REICHE & SULCY (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE): BASED ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Acta Entomologica Serbica, 28(2), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10213952
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References
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Baker, G. T., & Ma, W. K. (1987). Chorionic structure of Dineutes horni Rbts. (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 54(3), 209-212.
Bleuzen, P. (1994). The Beetles of the World, Macrodontini & Prionini 1. Vol. 21. Science Nat, 92 pp.
Butovitsch, V. (1939). Zur Kenntnis der Paarung, Eiablage und Ernährung der Cerambyciden. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 60, 206-258.
Candan, S., Suludere, Z. & Tozlu, G. (2007). Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche and Saulcy, 1858 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 1. Evre Larva ve Yumurta Yüzey Yapısının Tanımı. 18. Ulusal Elektron Mikroskopi Kongresi, 213 [in Turkish].
Caron, E., Ribeiro-Costa, C. S., & Linzmeier, A. M. (2004). The egg morphology of some species of Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) based on scanning electron micrographs. Zootaxa, 556, 1-10.
Chamberlain, D. F., & Matthews, V. A. (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 4 (P. H. Davis, Ed.; Vol. 4). Edinburgh University Press, UK, 658 pp.
Craighead, F. C. (1923). North American cerambycid-larvae. Bulletin of the Canada Department of Agriculture 27, 1-239.
Danilevsky, M. L. (2020). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, vol. 6 (1), Chrysomeloidea I (Vesperidae, Disteniidae, Cerambycidae). Revised and updated edition (Ed.). Leiden/Boston: Brill, l-XXll, 712 pp.
Donaldson, J. M. I., & Van Tonder, H. J. (1992). Brief observations on the chorion patters of cetoniinae eggs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 55, 9-19.
Duffy, E. A. J. (1953). A monograph of the immature stages of African timber beetles (Cerambycidae). British Museum (Natural History), London, 327 pp.
Ellsbury, M. M. & Baker, G.T. (1989). Biological and morphological aspects of the egg stage and oviposition of Languria mozardi (Coleoptera: Languriidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 91(1), 9-14.
Gardiner, L. M. (1966). Egg bursters and hatching in the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 44, 199-212.
Hay, C. J. (1968). Frass of some wood-boring insects in living oak (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepidoptera: Cossidae and Aegeriidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 255-258.
Haack, R. A., Keena, M. A. & Eyre, D. (2017). “Life History and Population Dynamics of Cerambycids 85-118 In: Cerambycidae of the World (Ed: Wang, Q). CRC Press, UK, London, 71–94.
Hernandez, J. M. (1990). Descripción del huevo de las especies del género Iberodorcadion Breuning, 1943 endémicas de la Sierra de Guadarrama (España). (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección biológica), 86(1-4),161-179
Hernandez, J. M. (1991). Estudio de los caracteres del huevo en diversos Cerambycidae Ibéricos y su interés taxonómico (Coleoptera). Graellsia, 47, 49-59.
Hinton, H. E. (1981). Biology of Insect Eggs. Pergamon Press Oxford I-III, 1125 pp.
Hoskovec, M., Navratil, D., Jelinek, P. & Rejzek, M. (2023). Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) of the West Palearctic Region, neighboring territories and countries of the former Soviet Union. Retrived from: http://www.cerambyx.uochb.cz/turkey2001.php [Accessed on 11. 2023].
Hu, G. Y. & Frank, J. H. (1995). Structural comparison of the chorion surface of five Philonthus species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 582-589.
Kovacs, T. (1998). Food-plants and locality data of Hungarian longhorn beetles II. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis, 22, 247-255 [in Hungarian with English summary].
Kucerova, Z. & Stejskal, V. (2002). Comparative egg morphology of silvanid and laemophloeid beetles (Coleoptera) occurring in stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38(3), 219-227.
Lawson, F. A. (1976). Egg and larval case Formation by Pachybrachis bivittatus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69(5), 942-944.
Linsley, E. G. (1959). Ecology of Cerambycidae. Annual Review of Entomology, 4, 99-138.
Linsley, E. G. (1961). The Cerambycidae of North America. Part I: Introduction. University of California Publications in Entomology 18, 1-135
Logarzo, G. A. & Gandolfo, D. E. (2005). Análisis de voltinismo y la diapausa en poblaciones de Apagomerella versicolor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en el gradiente latitudinal de su distribución en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 64: 143-146.
Luf, M. L. (1981). Notes on the identification of some Carabidae-1. Coleoptertsts Newsletter, 4, 5-6.
Margaritis, L. H. (1985). Structure and Physiology of the Eggshell. In: Kerkut G. A. & L.I. (Gilbert Eds). Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Pres Oxford, 1, 153-230.
Matsumoto, K. R., Irianto, S. B. & Kitajima, H. (2000). Biology of the Japanese green-lined Albizzia longicorn, Xystrocera globosa (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomological Science, 3, 33-42.
Morelli, E. M., Bianchi, M. & Sanchez, A. (2002). The immature stages of Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842 and Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and a key to larvae of these species. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62 (4B), 1-8.
Morelli, E. M., Bianchi, M. & Sanchez, A. (2005). The immature stages of Eurymerus eburioides Audinet -. Serville, 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Ectenessini). Brazilian Journal of Biology 65(1), 97-100.
Özdikmen, H. (2011). The Longicorn Beetles of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part IV Mediterranean Region. Munis Entomology Zoology, 6(1), 6-145.
Özdikmen, H. (2013). Turkish Agapanthiini Mulsant, 1839 with identification keys (Coleoptera: Lamiinae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 8(1), 9-40.
Peck, S. B. (2011). The beetles of Martinique, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera); diversity and distributions. Insecta Mundi, 0178, 1-57.
Pershing, J. C. & Linit, M. J. (1986). Development and seasonal occurrence of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Missouri. Environmental Entomology, 15, 251-253.
Rapuzzi, P. & Sama, G. (2012). New taxa and new records of Longhorn-Beetles from Eastern Mediterranean Region (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 7(2), 663-690.
Rector, B. G., Harizanova, V., Sforza, R., Widmer, T. & Wiedenmann, R.N. (2006). Prospects for biological control of teasels, Dipsacus spp., a new target in the United States. Biological Control, 36, 1-14.
Rejzek, M., Sama, G. & Alziar, G. (2019). Host plants of several herb-feeding Cerambycidae mainly from east Mediterranean region (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biocosme Mésogéen, 17(4), 263-294.
Rejzek, M., Sama G. Alziar, G. & Sadlo, J. (2003). Host Plants of Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor and Iran. Biocosme Mésogéen, 19(3), 161-189.
Rogers, D. J., Lewthwaite, S. E. & Dentener, P. R. (2002). Rearing huhu beetle larvae, Prionoplus reticularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on articial diet. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 29, 303-310.
Rowley, W. A. & Peters, D. C. (1972). Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Eggshell of Four Species of Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65(5), 1188-1191
Salkeld, E. H. (1983). A catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with comments. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 126, 1-271.
Salkeld, E. H. (1984). A Catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 127, 1-167.
Sama, G., Rapuzzi, P. & Özdikmen, H. (2012). Preliminary report of the entomological surveys (2010, 2011) of G. Sama and P. Rapuzzi to Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 7(1), 22-45.
Scriven G. T., Reeves, E.L. & Luck, R.F. (1986). Beetle from Australia threatens eucalyptus. California Agriculture, 40(7-8), 4–6
Shari S., Javadi I. & Chemsak, J. A. (1970). Biology of the Rosaceae branch borer, Osphranteria coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 1515-1520.
Solomon, J. D. (1977). Frass characteristics for identifying insect borers (Lepidoptera: Cossidae and Sesiidae; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in living hardwoods. Canadian Entomologist, 109, 295-303.
Tatar, M. & Tozlu, G. (2023). Eastern Anatolia Region Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Species Diversity: Part II (Lamiinae). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 10(4), 806-819 [in Turkish and with English summary].
Tozlu, G., Rejzek, M. & Özbek, H. (2003). A contribution to the knowledge of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Fauna of Turkey. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Biocosme Mésogéen, 19(3), 95-110.
Tozlu, G. (2010). Biological observations on Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche & Saulcy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) associated with Cephalaria procera Fisch & Lall. (Dipsacaceae) in Northeastern Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12(1), 9-15.
Trägårdh, I. (1930). Some aspects in the biology of longicorn beetles. Bulletin of Entomological Research 21, 1-8.
Villiers, A. (1980). Coléoptères Cerambycidae des Antilles Françaises. III. Lamiinae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 16, 541-598.
Walsh, K. D. & Linit, M. J. (1985). Oviposition biology of the pine sawyer, Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78(1), 81-85.
Watari Y., Yamanaka, T., Asano, W. & Ishikawa, Y. (2002). Prediction of the life cycle of the west Japan type yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by numerical simulations. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 37, 559-569.
Youngs, D. B. (1897). Oviposition of Anthophilax attenuates. Entomological News, 8, 192.
Baker, G. T., & Ma, W. K. (1987). Chorionic structure of Dineutes horni Rbts. (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 54(3), 209-212.
Bleuzen, P. (1994). The Beetles of the World, Macrodontini & Prionini 1. Vol. 21. Science Nat, 92 pp.
Butovitsch, V. (1939). Zur Kenntnis der Paarung, Eiablage und Ernährung der Cerambyciden. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 60, 206-258.
Candan, S., Suludere, Z. & Tozlu, G. (2007). Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche and Saulcy, 1858 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 1. Evre Larva ve Yumurta Yüzey Yapısının Tanımı. 18. Ulusal Elektron Mikroskopi Kongresi, 213 [in Turkish].
Caron, E., Ribeiro-Costa, C. S., & Linzmeier, A. M. (2004). The egg morphology of some species of Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) based on scanning electron micrographs. Zootaxa, 556, 1-10.
Chamberlain, D. F., & Matthews, V. A. (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 4 (P. H. Davis, Ed.; Vol. 4). Edinburgh University Press, UK, 658 pp.
Craighead, F. C. (1923). North American cerambycid-larvae. Bulletin of the Canada Department of Agriculture 27, 1-239.
Danilevsky, M. L. (2020). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, vol. 6 (1), Chrysomeloidea I (Vesperidae, Disteniidae, Cerambycidae). Revised and updated edition (Ed.). Leiden/Boston: Brill, l-XXll, 712 pp.
Donaldson, J. M. I., & Van Tonder, H. J. (1992). Brief observations on the chorion patters of cetoniinae eggs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 55, 9-19.
Duffy, E. A. J. (1953). A monograph of the immature stages of African timber beetles (Cerambycidae). British Museum (Natural History), London, 327 pp.
Ellsbury, M. M. & Baker, G.T. (1989). Biological and morphological aspects of the egg stage and oviposition of Languria mozardi (Coleoptera: Languriidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 91(1), 9-14.
Gardiner, L. M. (1966). Egg bursters and hatching in the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 44, 199-212.
Hay, C. J. (1968). Frass of some wood-boring insects in living oak (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepidoptera: Cossidae and Aegeriidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 255-258.
Haack, R. A., Keena, M. A. & Eyre, D. (2017). “Life History and Population Dynamics of Cerambycids 85-118 In: Cerambycidae of the World (Ed: Wang, Q). CRC Press, UK, London, 71–94.
Hernandez, J. M. (1990). Descripción del huevo de las especies del género Iberodorcadion Breuning, 1943 endémicas de la Sierra de Guadarrama (España). (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección biológica), 86(1-4),161-179
Hernandez, J. M. (1991). Estudio de los caracteres del huevo en diversos Cerambycidae Ibéricos y su interés taxonómico (Coleoptera). Graellsia, 47, 49-59.
Hinton, H. E. (1981). Biology of Insect Eggs. Pergamon Press Oxford I-III, 1125 pp.
Hoskovec, M., Navratil, D., Jelinek, P. & Rejzek, M. (2023). Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) of the West Palearctic Region, neighboring territories and countries of the former Soviet Union. Retrived from: http://www.cerambyx.uochb.cz/turkey2001.php [Accessed on 11. 2023].
Hu, G. Y. & Frank, J. H. (1995). Structural comparison of the chorion surface of five Philonthus species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 582-589.
Kovacs, T. (1998). Food-plants and locality data of Hungarian longhorn beetles II. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis, 22, 247-255 [in Hungarian with English summary].
Kucerova, Z. & Stejskal, V. (2002). Comparative egg morphology of silvanid and laemophloeid beetles (Coleoptera) occurring in stored products. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38(3), 219-227.
Lawson, F. A. (1976). Egg and larval case Formation by Pachybrachis bivittatus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69(5), 942-944.
Linsley, E. G. (1959). Ecology of Cerambycidae. Annual Review of Entomology, 4, 99-138.
Linsley, E. G. (1961). The Cerambycidae of North America. Part I: Introduction. University of California Publications in Entomology 18, 1-135
Logarzo, G. A. & Gandolfo, D. E. (2005). Análisis de voltinismo y la diapausa en poblaciones de Apagomerella versicolor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en el gradiente latitudinal de su distribución en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 64: 143-146.
Luf, M. L. (1981). Notes on the identification of some Carabidae-1. Coleoptertsts Newsletter, 4, 5-6.
Margaritis, L. H. (1985). Structure and Physiology of the Eggshell. In: Kerkut G. A. & L.I. (Gilbert Eds). Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Pres Oxford, 1, 153-230.
Matsumoto, K. R., Irianto, S. B. & Kitajima, H. (2000). Biology of the Japanese green-lined Albizzia longicorn, Xystrocera globosa (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomological Science, 3, 33-42.
Morelli, E. M., Bianchi, M. & Sanchez, A. (2002). The immature stages of Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842 and Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and a key to larvae of these species. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62 (4B), 1-8.
Morelli, E. M., Bianchi, M. & Sanchez, A. (2005). The immature stages of Eurymerus eburioides Audinet -. Serville, 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Ectenessini). Brazilian Journal of Biology 65(1), 97-100.
Özdikmen, H. (2011). The Longicorn Beetles of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part IV Mediterranean Region. Munis Entomology Zoology, 6(1), 6-145.
Özdikmen, H. (2013). Turkish Agapanthiini Mulsant, 1839 with identification keys (Coleoptera: Lamiinae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 8(1), 9-40.
Peck, S. B. (2011). The beetles of Martinique, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera); diversity and distributions. Insecta Mundi, 0178, 1-57.
Pershing, J. C. & Linit, M. J. (1986). Development and seasonal occurrence of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Missouri. Environmental Entomology, 15, 251-253.
Rapuzzi, P. & Sama, G. (2012). New taxa and new records of Longhorn-Beetles from Eastern Mediterranean Region (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 7(2), 663-690.
Rector, B. G., Harizanova, V., Sforza, R., Widmer, T. & Wiedenmann, R.N. (2006). Prospects for biological control of teasels, Dipsacus spp., a new target in the United States. Biological Control, 36, 1-14.
Rejzek, M., Sama, G. & Alziar, G. (2019). Host plants of several herb-feeding Cerambycidae mainly from east Mediterranean region (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biocosme Mésogéen, 17(4), 263-294.
Rejzek, M., Sama G. Alziar, G. & Sadlo, J. (2003). Host Plants of Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor and Iran. Biocosme Mésogéen, 19(3), 161-189.
Rogers, D. J., Lewthwaite, S. E. & Dentener, P. R. (2002). Rearing huhu beetle larvae, Prionoplus reticularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on articial diet. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 29, 303-310.
Rowley, W. A. & Peters, D. C. (1972). Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Eggshell of Four Species of Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65(5), 1188-1191
Salkeld, E. H. (1983). A catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with comments. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 126, 1-271.
Salkeld, E. H. (1984). A Catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 127, 1-167.
Sama, G., Rapuzzi, P. & Özdikmen, H. (2012). Preliminary report of the entomological surveys (2010, 2011) of G. Sama and P. Rapuzzi to Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 7(1), 22-45.
Scriven G. T., Reeves, E.L. & Luck, R.F. (1986). Beetle from Australia threatens eucalyptus. California Agriculture, 40(7-8), 4–6
Shari S., Javadi I. & Chemsak, J. A. (1970). Biology of the Rosaceae branch borer, Osphranteria coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 1515-1520.
Solomon, J. D. (1977). Frass characteristics for identifying insect borers (Lepidoptera: Cossidae and Sesiidae; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in living hardwoods. Canadian Entomologist, 109, 295-303.
Tatar, M. & Tozlu, G. (2023). Eastern Anatolia Region Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Species Diversity: Part II (Lamiinae). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 10(4), 806-819 [in Turkish and with English summary].
Tozlu, G., Rejzek, M. & Özbek, H. (2003). A contribution to the knowledge of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Fauna of Turkey. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Biocosme Mésogéen, 19(3), 95-110.
Tozlu, G. (2010). Biological observations on Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche & Saulcy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) associated with Cephalaria procera Fisch & Lall. (Dipsacaceae) in Northeastern Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12(1), 9-15.
Trägårdh, I. (1930). Some aspects in the biology of longicorn beetles. Bulletin of Entomological Research 21, 1-8.
Villiers, A. (1980). Coléoptères Cerambycidae des Antilles Françaises. III. Lamiinae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 16, 541-598.
Walsh, K. D. & Linit, M. J. (1985). Oviposition biology of the pine sawyer, Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78(1), 81-85.
Watari Y., Yamanaka, T., Asano, W. & Ishikawa, Y. (2002). Prediction of the life cycle of the west Japan type yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by numerical simulations. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 37, 559-569.
Youngs, D. B. (1897). Oviposition of Anthophilax attenuates. Entomological News, 8, 192.